Genetically Modified Foods And Their Labels - 1444 Words

Genetically modified foods are products that contain genetically modified organisms. There has been some controversy that customers should be aware of the nutrient labels if the product contains genetically modified ingredients. Researching this topic is very important for everyone to understand and this topic came to mind while finding a page online called Consumer Reports, which is based from, a magazine. This page explains to people why they need to know about GMO foods and their labels. The goal of this research paper is to let customers know that using genetically modified organisms can harm the body to some extent; it could possibly harm the environment, and it could drive up the cost of grocery prices. Genetically modified organisms are created in a laboratory. They alter the genetic makeup of different plants and animals so they can produce more food for consumers. Many people don’t really know if the foods that they buy have some type of GMO ingredients that may be safe to eat. In the article it states that it is important for people to check and read labels on food products that they buy every time they go grocery shopping because it could possibly harm their bodies and someone could possibly be sick or die if they consume genetically modified foods that are not prepared correctly or labeled. The Consumer Reports National Research Center discovered that GMO’s were in many packaged foods that many people didn’t know that they were consuming. Many people say thatShow MoreRelatedGenetically Modified Foods And Their Labels1447 Words   |  6 PagesGenetically Modified Foods Genetically modified foods are products that contain genetically modified organisms. There has been some controversy that customers should be aware on the nutrient labels if the product contains genetically modified ingredients. Researching this topic is very important for everyone to understand and this topic came to mind while finding a page online called Consumer Reports, which is base from, a magazine. This page explains to people why they need to know about GMO foodsRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms : Is A Food Label Necessary?2521 Words   |  11 Pages Genetically Modified Organisms Is a Food Label Necessary? By: Kate Spinosa The addition of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s) also commonly known as Genetically Engineered (GE) to our food products have been a heated controversy for some time now. This debate is currently attracting a lot of consumer/media interest in 2014. From the 1990’s on, GE foods have been consumed by millions of Americans and humans across the world. So what exactly are GE foods? DNA (genes)Read MoreGenetically Modified Foods1101 Words   |  4 Pages Ever wondered what has been put into everyday food and what the impact is on human health? Approximately 60-80 % of everyday food has one ingredient made from genetically modified foods. When hearing â€Å"genetically modified food† people automatically think it is only bad for health, but there is also a good impact surprisingly. The one bad thing is that people do not know what types food have been modified because there are no labels for GMO products. Even though GMOs have a bad impact on humanRead More Genetically Modified Foods Need to be Labeled Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pagesconsumers who purchase genetically modified foods and the companies that processes these foods through genetic modification. Consumers are demanding that all genetically modified foods are labeled so that they will have information about what ingredients are in these foods. The companies who sell genetically modified foods do not want to label them and are making claims that labeling these foods would raise food prices, hurt farmers, and cause genetically modified foods to gain the reputation ofRead MoreGenetically Food And Drug Administration Regulates Labeling Of Genetically Modified Food1090 Words   |  5 PagesGenetically engineered has foreign genes inserted into their genetic code. In 1973 the idea of a man made DNA or rDNA came from Stanford University from a grad student. Also Professor Herbert Boyer and some of his biologist friends decided to try it. 75 percent of our processed food that U.S. produce contain some genetically modified ingredients. Some of this are crackers, breakfast cereal, and some cooking oils. Mostly everything that contains soy or corn even high fructose corn syrup have at leastRead MoreThe Consequences of Eating Genetically Modified Foods Essay examples581 Words   |  3 PagesUnited States don’t know that we’re already eating life threatening foods daily. We can’t tell these dangerous foods apart from the safe ones, because the US Food and Drug administration refuses to label them. Some of us care about our wellbeing so instead of the FDA poisoning we unknowingly let us poison ourselves if we choose too by the label. Some may not mind eating genetically modified foods, but as for me I don’t want to. It’s in our meat, it’s in our plants and it’sRead MoreHarmful Effects Of Genetically Modified Organisms1666 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harmful Effects of Genetically Modified Organisms Does one really know how harmful genetically modified foods are to living organisms, or even to the environment? In grocery stores, 70% of the processed food sold contains genetically modified soybeans and corn. Also, a large percentage of canola, sugar beets, and sugar cane are genetically modified. Without even knowing it, Americans have been consuming genetically modified ingredients that have been hidden in their food since 1996. Is it notRead MoreThe Federal Government Should Require Labeling Of Gmo’S1188 Words   |  5 Pageson genetically modified foods. The people deserve to know what they put in their bodies. Some of the food is very unhealthy and some people are completely unaware of that fact. Many food companies do not put out all the information about what goes into the food in which we consume, if the Federal government were to require labeling of all GMO foods then the people could be well educated about what they put inside their bodies, and know if it is good for them or not. GMO stands for genetically modifiedRead MoreThe Food And Drug Administration898 Words   |  4 Pagespolicy, foods, such as fruits, vegetables, grains, and their byproducts, derived from plant varieties developed by the new methods of genetic modification are regulated within the existing framework of the act† (FDA). In other words, instead of creating new regulations that are specific to these completely unique food products, they are put within the umbrella of other â€Å"natural† products. As time passes it appears to be harder to establish strict regulations to manage genetically modified food. AccordingRead MoreMarketing Schemes Of Monsanto, Major U.s. Pharmaceutical Corporations And Food Manufacturing Companies1572 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Over 88% of the American people want to know if they are consuming food or using products containing Genetically Modified Organisms, GMO, according to the consumer reports organization. GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering, or GE, according to the non-GMO project website. (nongmo project, what is a gmo) Scientist insert, delete, or switch the DNA in certain organisms. Those organisms may be able

The Impact Of Globalization On The Economy - 978 Words

In today’s world, with a few notable exceptions, nearly everyone in every region of the world has access to the same products, information and services. A long-distance relationship is no longer so distant, since each party involved in the relationship can communicate through Skype, Facebook or through any of the vast amount of social media available. A person in Easter Island, one of the most remote inhabited islands in the world, can go to the other side of the world and travel to Canada. An economic crisis in Argentina could affect the economic landscape in Brazil. A person in Chile or Peru can buy an Abercrombie and Fitch t-shirt because this transnational corporation decided to expand its market to developing countries, or as you might prefer, to emerging economies in South America. Although many of these examples might be trivial, these are the consequences of globalization. Globalization is a process of increasing integration and the result of economic, cultural and political interdependence among countries. Globalization has been a controversial debate, since this phenomenon has affected the world in several ways. Consequently, there are plenty of economic, cultural and political arguments in favor of and against it. Some arguments in favor of globalization are that it promotes democracy, creates jobs (by dividing labor around the world), promotes knowledge and an interconnected world, and makes the world â€Å"borderless.† On the other hand, others argue thatShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Globalization On The Economy1530 Words   |  7 PagesThe impact that globalization has and will have on the U.S economy continues to be one of the most debated economic issues of our times. Many people believe that due to the international trade there are less jobs and lower wages for people. International trade is important to the America economy, and to the eco nomy of the world as whole, because neither the United States nor any other country in the world has everything that its people need and want. Globalization and international trade, come withRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Economy Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Globalization on the Economy Social and Environment Introduction Economic globalization is the process of connecting economic activities of nations and regions to accommodate intercontinental trade. Goods and services can be easily moved across borders guided by international policies. International investors are encouraged to invest in other countries by either opening new businesses or branching out. Also, the importation and exportation of goods and services are allowed while job seekersRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Economy972 Words   |  4 PagesWhat impacts on the economy has globalization made around the world? What is the positive in addition to the negative impacts of globalization? How can we define globalization? According to Kleniewski, â€Å"Globalization refers to the increasing interdependence of the world’s economy† (Kleniewski, 135). This means that most economies around the world depend upon each other for economic growth, whether is by trading globally otherwise by having people migrate from one country to the other. GlobalizationRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Economy2474 Words   |  10 Pages the economies of most countries are so interconnected that they form part of a single, interdependent global economy. Globalization has been defined as â€Å"the process of international integrating arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. † With this meaning, perspectives, social norms, and business conducts are being exchanged across cultures. It has changed the world in more ways than we can imagine. The most profound impact of globalization is onRead MoreImpact Of Globalizatio n On The Economy2380 Words   |  10 Pagesever-increasing interdependence of economies around the world. It is additionally, the manifestation of increase openness in world economies, commonly due to an increase in cross-border trade scale of services and supplies, as well as flows of international capital and spreads of technology. Naturally, the impact of globalization over the last few decades has been very significant, in particular on the macroeconomic dynamics in small economies, such as the Tunisian economy. The consequences of globalisationRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Chinese Economy Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization is an important term that is partially responsible for an economic revolution that took place around the world. Theodore Levitt, a former Harvard Business Review editor, coined the term â€Å"globalization† and used it for the first time in one of his articles in 1983 (Los Angeles Times magazine, 2006). According to the Busi ness Dictionary, globalization can be defined as â€Å"the worldwide movement toward economic, financial, trade, and communications integration† (businessdictonary.com).Read MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Economy1763 Words   |  8 Pagesin which economies from around the world become linked through financial integration. Indonesia is located in South East Asia and is emerging into the global economy as an economic powerhouse. Globalisation has had profound impacts on the Indonesian economy and has sparked great change within it. The essence of globalisation means that all economic activity effects and impacts on other economies, e.g. the GFC in America effected all economies throughout the world. To develop its economy, IndonesiaRead MoreImpact of Globalization on Indian Economy1572 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization is the new notion that has come to rule the world since the nineties of the last century with the end of the cold war. The frontlines of the state with in creased reliance on the market economy and renewed belief in the private capital and assets, a process of structural alteration encouraged by the studies and influences of the World Bank and other International organisations have started in many of countries. Also Globalisation has brought in new avenues to developing countries. GreaterRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Global Economy1355 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization is interpreted in a variety of different ways. One way is that it introduces opportunities which further develops regions to progress and prosper in the global economy. In many cases globalization means the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy. The world is moving away from self-contained national economies and toward an interdependent, integrated global economy. There is an insurmountable amount of ways to impact globalization but some include trade, peopleRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Economy1881 Words   |  8 PagesG lobalisation and the economy are two interchangeable ideas with one another. Globalisation is not a single concept since it encompasses multiple components such as economic integration; the transfer of policies across borders; the transmission of knowledge and cultural stability it is a global process (Al-Rodhan Stoudmann, 2006). The best representation of globalisation is the process in which businesses create international influence where they can then begin to operate on a global scale (Al-Rodhan

The Greatest Gift of All free essay sample

Tennis is my sport. Ever since the 7th grade, I had always said â€Å"tennis† when asked what my favorite hobbies are or what sports I enjoyed playing. By the time I was a sophomore in high school, the word â€Å"tennis† was so worn out and overused, I knew I wanted to let myself experience something new. Soon, the spring came and track and field season started. My best friend at the time was a shot-put and discus thrower on the team and begged me to try it. I convinced myself that my muscle-deprived body and rail-thin arms were completely able to throw an 8 pound rock 25 feet across a sandy pit. I could barely manage to throw it over 10. One day while I was waiting for my friend to finish her sprinting workout, the sprinting coach approached me and blatantly asked me why I would choose throwing over sprinting when I had the perfect build to run? I nervously stammered, â€Å"Uh, I don’t know?† He smiled and asked me to join them during practice tomorrow. We will write a custom essay sample on The Greatest Gift of All or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Just to try it out. No pressure. Immediately my mind said, â€Å"Absolutely not! You can hardly run a mile!† but I ended up agreeing. After all, the point of this WAS to try new things, right? We were halfway through the season by the time I started and most of my other teammates were already accustomed to the practices whereas this was my first time officially running. By the third day of practice every muscle in my body felt as if it were on fire and even better, my first meet as a sprinter was the next day. Over and over again I screamed at myself, â€Å"What were you thinking?! What have you gotten yourself into?† but I never once thought about quitting. Today was the day that I had to actually race – and in front of people too! I counted down the minutes before the dreaded 200 meter sprint: 10 minutes left before my race; I’m finishing up my warm ups and nervously smiling at my friends who bracingly wish me good luck. 5 minutes before my race; my coach is giving me last minute advice while I blankly stare- my body and mind are already paralyzed with fear. One minute before my race; my heart beats as if there is a gun pointed at my head and I jokingly whisper to my teammate next to me, â€Å"If I win this race, I will buy you a new car†. Then suddenly â€Å"BANG!† the gun goes off and so do we. I have ridden on planes many times before, but this was the first time I have ever felt as if I were flying. Adrenaline rushed through me like a waterfall and within 15 seconds it was all over. Everything was still such a blur and I could feel my body shaking as my best friend rushed over and hugs me. â€Å"You won, Jenny! You won!† I still vividly remember the feeling I had after winning my first race- the extraordinary feeling of accomplishing something I never knew I could. This has always gave me the strength to keep going even when I wanted nothing more than to throw in the towel, whether it was during sports, school, or work. I didn’t become a track star or break any records but I did give myself the greatest gift- the mindset that I truly can do anything I want to do.

Treatment of indigenous people in the United States and Canada free essay sample

Why was their not a significant metis population in the United States? What does the difference mean? The treatment of the indigenous people in the United States was different from the treatment in Canada. In the United States westward expansion brought settlers and government forces into conflict with the indigenous people of North America. The indigenous people resisted the efforts of the United States to push them from their ancestral lands and hunting grounds. The U. S. then passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830 which moved all the Native Americans west of the Mississippi River into the â€Å"Indian Territory†. The United States allowed settlers and railroads to encroach the reservations and they forced the Indians to even smaller territories. The Dawes Act of 1887 shifted the land policies away from the reservations and towards individual tracts. The U. S. treated the indigenous peoples (or Native Americans) harshly. The treatment of indigenous people in Canada is different. We will write a custom essay sample on Treatment of indigenous people in the United States and Canada or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Canada, the natives and metis moved west to preserve their land and trading rights but the Canadians started to threaten them. They also threatened local land rights. Louis Riel, in western Canada, became the leader of the metis and indigenous peoples. In the U. S. they were in camps so that is why there isn’t a metis population. In the U. S. , indigenous is being preserved while in Canada. This is the difference. 2)What have been the obstacles to the industrial development of Latin America? Consider the export products named on page 866. Who profits from this trade? How is it that â€Å"even as agriculture, railroad construction and mining were booming, the standard living for average Mexicans was declining in the late nineteenth century†? There were a few obstacles to the industrial development of Latin America. The small trading markets in Latin America limited the foreign influences which took the form of investment. British merchants had little desire to change the Latin America into dependent trading partners. Porfirio Diaz was a dictatorial general who represented the interest of large landowners, wealthy merchants and foreign investors. There were railroad tracks, telegraph lines, and the production of mineral resources surged. There were the steel, glass, chemical and textile industries. Mexico also acquired paved streets, streetcar lines and streetlights. Their profits from the Mexican enterprises didn’t support the industrial development and instead they took money from the oligarchy and foreign investors who supported Diaz while the working class seethed with resentment of low wages, long hours and foreign managers. Latin America had exports that drove economic growth. There was copper and silver from Mexico, bananas and coffee from Central America, rubber and coffee from Brazil, beef and wheat from Argentina, copper from Chile, and tobacco and sugar from Cuba. The British and elites profited from this trade. Their profits from the Mexican enterprises didn’t support the industrial development and instead they took money from the oligarchy and foreign investors who supported Diaz while the working class seethed with resentment of low wages, long hours and foreign managers. Even if agriculture, railroad construction and mining were booming, the living of the average state affairs helps explain the sudden outbreak of violent revolution in 1910.

Analytical Essay Sample on “The Awakening” by Kate Chopin

Analytical Essay Sample on â€Å"The Awakening† by Kate Chopin Kate Chopins The Awakening, focuses on the revolt of the main character, Edna Pontellier, against her role and position in society. As Edna awakens to her body, her senses, and her role as a woman in late nineteenth century America, she begins to challenge societal laws and traditions. Not only does she neglect her obligations to friends and family, but also she ignores societys expectations of her as a woman of wealth and stature. Edna senses the forces that ultimately drive her to the sea after a disagreement with her husband, Leonce, early in the novel. When Leonce demands that Edna come in from outside to retire, Edna begins to understand that he regards her as an object of possession. Though Edna refuses to appease her husband an indescribable oppression, which seemed to generate in some unfamiliar part of her consciousness, filled her whole being with a vague anguish. Edna, however, does not yet realize she is awakening. A certain light [will begin] to dawn dimly within her,the light which, showing the way, forbids it. Madame Reiszs musical performance in Chapter 9 triggers Ednas first true awakening. Her intense physical reaction to the sound of the keys of the piano, including trembling, choking, and crying, are paralleled by the arousal of passion within Ednas soul. Chopin suggests that this was the first time [Edna] was ready, perhaps the first time her being was tempered to take an impress of the abiding truth. Later this same evening, Edna soars beyond the limits fear imposes upon her in an attempt to capture a sense of independence as she swims far out into the sea alone. To Edna, the sea is the place where the individual is free from both the evils and the responsibilities of communal life. This perhaps explains the feeling of exultation and the sense of power to control the working of her body and soul that overtake Edna. While reflecting on her experience in the sea and Madame Reiszs music, Edna remarks, A thousand emotions have swept through me tonight. I dont comprehend half of them. . .I wonder if any night on earth will ever be like this one. From this point on, there is no turning back for Edna. Her awareness continues to grow until her final return to the sea. The newfound strength and individuality that learning to swim alone in the sea affords Edna enables her to release her sexual nature. Ednas friendship with Robert Lebrun takes on new meaning for her as she sits alone with him after her swim: No multitude of words could have been more significant than those moments of silence, or more pregnant with the first felt throbbings of desire. Perhaps it is more accurate to call this a romantic awakening than it is to call this a sexual awakening. It seems more appropriate to assume Edna is beginning to yearn for love and human connection with the opposite sex, not some lustful encounter, since she has not yet awakened to her physical self. As Edna sails to a neighboring island called Cheniere Caminada with Robert the next day, she identifies a sense of freedom within herselffreedom from the constraints her duties as a wife and mother impose upon her. Later this day Edna becomes aware of her body and its natural beauty after Robert compels her to rest at a friends house. Edna, left alone to sleep, removes most of her restrictive clothing and begins to closely observe her body. Though Ednas return to the Grand Isle is a return to domesticitywhich Edna, at this point, associates with burdening responsibility,she was seeing things with different eyes and making the acquaintance of new conditions in herself that colored and changed her environment. Roberts move to Mexico in Chapter 15 forces Edna to recognize the symptoms of infatuation for the first time. Edna longs for Robert throughout his absence, but she lusts for another man when she returns to New Orleans at the end of the summer. Alcee Arobin pleased her at last, appealing to the animalism that stirred impatiently within her. This awakening to sexual desire is followed by an awakening to sexual fulfillment when Edna actually becomes physically involved with Alcee. The first kiss of her life to which her nature had really responded, however, was not the kiss of love which had inflamed her, because it was not love which had held this cup of life to her lips. After months of Ednas anticipation Robert returns home from Mexico and the two are finally able to proclaim their love for one another. There was no human being whom [Edna] wanted near her except Robert; and she even realized that the day would come when he, too, and the thought of him would melt out of her existence, leaving her alone. Edna becomes convinced that human connection is not possible for her. As Ednas awakening progresses throughout the novel, she becomes increasingly aware of her solitude. The people she cares about, even Robert continually leave her alone. Edna comes to realize that her aloneness is a product of her desire for spiritual emancipation. She is not willing to sacrifice self-fulfillment in order to uphold the traditions and expectations of society. Every step which she took toward relieving herself from obligations added to her strength and expansionism as an individual. But Edna knows that complete control over her own life will only come through total relief from social commitments. Thus, she returns to the comforting touch of the sea that enfold[s] the body in it soft, close embrace. As Edna removes her clothing and enters the sea, she is reborn into a world free of constraints, the world she has longed to encounter throughout The Awakening a very prominent masterpiece written by Kate Chopin. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Kate Chopin at our online custom essay writing service which provides students with high-quality custom papers written by qualified academic writers. 100% plagiarism free and on-time delivery guarantee! Let our writers write a custom paper for you. Get professional essay help at an affordable cost.

Chernobyl Disaster essays

Chernobyl Disaster essays The Chernobyl Disaster: Economic, Environmental, and Social Impacts in Europe The nuclear power plant disaster in the town of Chernobyl in 1986 came to have major impact on the environment and the population of the European continent. Due to the lack of security and financial resources, the Chernobyl plant was considered unsafe before the accident; one was able to prevent the accident from happening, as the old Soviet regime would not let any nuclear specialists from the west into the country. As a result, current winds following the disaster brought radioactive particles to Scandinavia and northwestern Europe, which came to have much greater impact than if the winds would have been blowing in another direction. According to De Boer and Catsburg (1997), the Chernobyl accident was not the first incident at a nuclear plant. In 1979, the nuclear plant at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania had troubles, as well as the nuclear plant at Sellafield in Great Britain 1985. The accident in Chernobyl concerned peoples opinion about safety issues related to nuclear plants (Catsburg, De Boer 254). Much of the information about the Chernobyl disaster has been kept secret from people outside the former republic of Russia, but since the breakdown of the Soviet Union, a lot of information has become available to the west. Nuclear power is a fantastic energy source as it is efficient and leaves minimal chemical pollution, which can be minimized if it is done right. It is extremely effective and consistent, but what if something goes wrong? The oppositional forces to nuclear power received free advertising due to the disaster and the question about nuclear power was once again a subject for discussion. There are about 440 nuclear power reactors and 217 nuclear power plants around the world; so far two have collapsed. This might seem like a small percentage but if one looks at the consequences of the two; one will see devastat...

Art Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Art Questions - Assignment Example She further says that her method of translation is mainly that of weaving, particularly basket weaving. This provides a simple but highly effective grid, which she uses to interpret information in a three-dimensional space. When asked about how she weaves numbers into sculpture, she says that by staying true to the figures, the woven pieces stride an edgy split, performing both as sculptures in space and instruments used in the real environment from which she obtains the data. Most of what Miebach does to perfect her art is extremely interesting. However, the most fascinating fact is when she utilizes vertical and horizontal elements of baskets and carefully constructing three-dimensional frameworks of weather basing on real-life weather patterns. It is also interesting that the natural phenomenon called storms can be transformed into musical compositions and sculptures. From Nathalie’s work, I can define art as an innovation and development of basic principles of nature into gorgeous forms suitable for human use. It resides in the quality of doing, a process that needs creativity and understanding of different `occurrences around

Personal project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal project - Assignment Example Such countries include Ethiopia, South Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda (GDA 1). Their vision is to bring together top-tier research organisations, for companies (both profit and non-profit) from the Front Range in order to synchronise the exceptional strengths of every Consortium member along with the entire multi-disciplinary expertise so as to improve knowledge awareness of need, inform research and science efforts and eventually offer real-time and location-specific information globally to inform choices that ensure the development of agriculture, as well as public health (GDA 1). The current projects being run by GDA are West Africa Weather Station Installation and Agriculture RE-Analysis of Precipitation Data both in Africa. These projects begun on July, 2014 and still run to date. They are meant to enhance the broader goal of the organisation and that is enhancing food security (GDA 1). The project that I intend to aid is the Weather Station Installation project, which seems to be more fascinating. With the proper kind of research, it would be worthwhile to involve myself in such a

Rhetorical analysis of Obama's speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rhetorical analysis of Obama's speech - Essay Example In this speech, Obama seeks to inform the audience on the 23 Executive Orders that he designed to address gun control and gun violence in America. Obama equally seeks to convince the audience on the need to address gun control and gun violence in America as well as persuade them to comply with the 23 Executive Orders that he designed. To achieve this, Obama relies on various rhetorical strategies. Notably, Obama uses different ethos, logos, and pathos to persuade the audience to address gun control and gun violence in America and comply with the 23 Executive Orders that he designed. Obama uses repetition where he replicates words and phrases to make a point. He uses the phrases â€Å"Let’s do the right thing† and â€Å"We will† to associate the audience with the idea of address gun control and gun violence in America (Paulson 1). He uses repetition to confirm the need for collaborative effort in controlling gun control and gun violence that persuades the audience to own the control measures. Obama uses an ethical appeal by convincing the audience on the credibility of various people addressing gun control and gun violence in America. As the President of America, Obama has authority to address this issue. He equally starts the speech by thanking and recognizing the efforts of Joe Biden who is the vice president of America in addressing gun control and gun violence in America (Paulson 1). This convinces the audience to adopt the recommended findings. Obama informs the audience that he tasked Joe Biden and his cabinet to propose mechanisms of controlling the effects of gun violence. Obama persuades the audience by asserting that he will rely and use the presidency powers to implement the proposals of Joe’s task force (Paulson 1). He also presents the credibility of Todd Jones to head the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms by confirming that he has been acting on this

Extensive Reading With Young Learners English Language Essay

Extensive Reading With Young Learners English Language Essay In this essay, I will discuss extensive reading with Young Learners, and how extensive reading can be promoted, with reference to young learners in Hong Kong. Children learn to read in English in schools in Hong Kong at an early age, but there is little encouragement for them to read for purposes other than to learn the language. I will examine the benefits of extensive reading, in particular childrens stories, and how these can be used to promote extensive reading with primary learners in my teaching context at the British Council Hong Kong. Why extensive reading? Day and Bamford (1998, 4) contend that the type of reading done in ESL classes bears little resemblance to reading done in the real world, and that in fact students learning to read a second language do not read and they do not like reading. Reading in the classroom tends to be done purely in order to teach or review a language point, or to train students for an exam. However, It is simplistic but true that the more students read, the better they become at it (Day and Bamford 1998, 4). Teachers therefore need to find ways of encouraging students to read that are enjoyable and motivating for them, and more closely resemble the kind of reading that is done outside the classroom. Extensive reading, is any reading that is done either for pleasure or not explicitly for the purposes of teaching reading. (Emery 2009, 38). This can be any type of text, whether fiction or factual. With this type of reading, the readers attention should be on the meaning, not the language, of the text (Day and Bamford 1998, 5). As children focus on meaning when learning a language, extensive reading should then particularly appeal to them as a way of learning English, especially if the texts are of types that they would normally read in their first language. Language learning from reading comes from exposure to the language, but is not the primary aim of extensive reading. Clark and Rumbold (2006, 9) list the following benefits of reading for pleasure; reading attainment and writing ability text comprehension and grammar breadth of vocabulary positive reading attitudes, which are linked to achievement in reading greater self-confidence as a reader pleasure in reading later in life Although their report was regarding native speaker children in the UK, they note that these benefits are equally true for second language acquisition. It appears, then, that extensive reading is crucial for literacy development. In Hong Kong, there is little interest in reading for pleasure, particularly in English (Ho 2008, Leung 2005). Taking into account the above benefits of reading for pleasure, it seems crucial to encourage a love of reading extensively in our students in Hong Kong, both inside and outside the classroom. Why stories? First and foremost, children enjoy stories. Stories are particularly important in the lives of our children à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Childrens hunger for stories is constant (Wright 1995, 3). If we provide children with stories, they will be motivated to read and listen to them. Reading stories in the classroom is a shared event, which encourages social skills, such as cooperation, collaboration, listening and turn taking and helps to create appropriate affective conditions for learning to take place (Read 2008, 7). We can also provide them with the means to read stories for themselves outside the classroom, increasing their exposure to language further. Children are also aware of and enjoy stories in their first language; From their early experience, children are likely to be familiar with story or narrative structure (Cameron 2001, 129). This means that, unlike many classroom activities, the telling or reading of a story will be a familiar activity. Even if reading books and stories are not commonplace in the home, children will have had exposure to stories through a variety of other media, e.g. films and cartoons. Children are therefore more likely to be receptive to a story than an activity which is not so familiar and therefore potentially confusing. Stories fulfill childrens need for security and novelty (Cameron 2001), as there is the security of the familiar structure of the story, with a beginning, introduction to characters, a problem which is resolved, and an ending, and also the novelty of new stories, characters and plot surprises. Stories provide a clear context from which children can find meaning. The meaning and enjoyment of the story are the most important for children, and the meaning of the language is supported by the context. They work out the meaning first and tend not to pay attention to the words that are used to express the meaning (Moon 2000, 5). Stories are a rich source of language. Because stories are designed to entertain, writers and tellers choose and use words with particular care to keep the audience interested (Cameron 2001, 163). Many words and phrases are often repeated throughout a story, increasing students exposure to them, and also helping to create the sense of security and familiarity. Through such exposure to language children are learning new vocabulary, often without realising it (Cameron 2001, 164), and the teacher can also exploit this vocabulary in classroom activities. Moreover, this vocabulary is used within a clear context, so Children have the ability to grasp meaning even if they dont understand all the words (Ellis and Brewster 2002, 8). Heathfield (2009, 17) refers to his own experience of storytelling with elementary Italian learners, who were able to follow and understand the general meaning of stories told in English. Attention can be paid to vocabulary and students accuracy once the context and meaning have been established. Stories provide children with exposure to not only vocabulary, but also to the structure of sentences and the general feel and sound of the foreign language (Wright 1995, 5). If stories are read aloud, children have exposure to the pronunciation of the language, its rhythm and intonation. This exposure helps them with their fluency, both written and spoken, when they are later ready to move to more productive use of the language. Stories also contain a variety of themes and topics which can be interesting and relevant to the students themselves, or can be exploited in the class. These themes can be linked to other subjects across the curriculum. They can also help develop childrens awareness of the world around them, or of different cultures. Stories can also be used as a stimulus for speaking and writing, and exercise the imagination (Ellis and Brewster 2002, 1). Cameron (2001, 160), warns, however, that we should not allow our feelings of nostalgia and fond memories of childhood stories to colour our perceptions of the magic of stories. She notes that the classroom is not the same as the family home, and the teacher is not a parent, so we should adopt a more critical stance to using stories in class, both in our choices of stories and the way that we use them, and to be open to using other text types which may be equally appealing to children. We should also be aware that stories are also available through other media than books, e.g. animated cartoons or TV programmes, and it is very likely that children may be even more receptive to these forms of media than traditional books. Choosing stories The stories used with children should first of all appeal to them (Phillips, 1993, 46), whether it is the theme, the illustrations, or the fact that it is a story which is familiar to them and they know they will enjoy it. A good story à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is simply one that listeners or readers enjoy (Cameron 2001, 166). The story should have interesting characters that the children can relate to and a clear plot, with possibly a surprise at the end. The length of the text should be appropriate, i.e. for beginning readers using books with shorter texts will promote success and motivation. The language used in the book should also be simple enough for them to understand, but also contain some language which is beyond their current level in order to develop learning and language development. The child should be able to build on familiar language with new language, but not be demotivated by reading something beyond their level. A story which uses a lot of repeated structures and vocabulary will help reinforce meaning, and children also enjoy the repetition. The illustrations used in a book are also important, as they not only make the book more appealing to a child, but can also support the meaning of the text and new vocabulary and stimulate their imagination (Hsiu-Chih 2008). The themes of the story can also help children to understand more about the world, but should have appropriate values and portrayals of characters. If a story is being used in class, one could be used which fits the topic of the lesson. There are many graded readers available for young learners, in which language is carefully selected to match the childs level of English. However, the language is often simplified in these readers to such an extent that the language becomes unnatural, for example present tenses are used throughout, whereas in authentic literature a story is nearly always told using past tenses. As Cameron (2001, 166) comments, It seems a pity to deprive learners of opportunities to hear authentic uses of past tense forms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I can see no intrinsic reason for supposing that use of the past tense would prevent children understanding a story. Cameron also points out that although many text books for young EFL learners contain stories, they often lack the prototypical features of a story, such as a plot with a a problem to be resolved, and a satisfactory ending. These stories are unlikely to capture childrens imaginations in the same way that stories can do (Cameron 2001, 162). Quality storie s have characters and a plot that engage children, often the art work is as important as the text in telling the story, and they create a strong feeling of satisfaction when the end is reached (Cameron 2001, 166). There are many arguments for providing children learning English as a second language with real books offering a rich source of authentic input and challenge (Ellis and Brewster 2002, 8). These stories are more likely to contain the elements necessary in a quality story as described by Cameron, and children can feel highly motivated by being able to understand a story which has not been simplified. There is also such a wide variety of authentic story books which makes it easier to choose something which will appeal to many different children. Ellis and Brewster (2002, 8) note that it can be argued that the language in authentic story books can be too complex for children learning English, while the content may be too simplistic for their age if a book is chosen which has been written for a younger target age. They argue that In a foreign language, however, children are often very happy to accept stories which they may reject in their mother tongue. Although care needs to be taken to select books which will appeal to the child, what is important is the way that the story is exploited and the language learning supported for the childrens particular level. It is what we expect the children to do which determines the proficiency level required, not the story itself (Wright 1995, 3). It is also important that the child, not just the teacher or parent, chooses the books that they would like to read. Clark and Rumbold (2006, 22) stress the importance of children choosing their own reading material on motivation and acheivement. They refer to Krashen, saying that students who choose what they read à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ tend to be more motivated, read more and show greater language and literacy development. Cameron (2001, 164) believes that children may learn vocabulary while listening to stories without realising it, and learner involvement with a story may be what makes a difference à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ letting children choose the stories they want to hear may help maximise the learning that takes place. They will be more likely to choose books that interest them, and therefore be more motivated to understand and engage with the text. It is difficult to place too much emphasis on the role interesting material plays in the desire to read (Day and Bamford 1998, 29). Using stories and promoting extensive reading There are many ways in which extensive reading and reading stories can be promoted both inside and outside of the classroom, which I will discuss in relation to my current teaching context. In the classroom, the teacher can use stories in a variety of ways, both to promote reading and to exploit stories for further language work. Reading stories aloud to the class is an effective way of exposing children to story books and their narrative structure. From listening and watching an adult read aloud, children can see how texts are handled, how texts encode words and ideas, how words and sentences are set out on a page à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Affectively, reading aloud can motivate children to want to read themselves (Cameron 2001, 141). The telling of the story should be an enjoyable experience, and, if possible, the classroom arranged so that all children are sitting around the teacher, maybe on the floor, so that everyone can see the book (Wright 1995). The teacher should take care to hold the book so everyone in the class can see it, and use mime, gestures, facial expressions, the stress and intonation of their voice, and the pictures in the book, to help students understanding (Ellis and Brewster 2002, Read 2008). Students should be encouraged to participate in the story reading through questions which reinforce understanding, e.g. describing the pictures, or making predictions about what happens next. The teacher can help students with new and difficult vocabulary by providing tasks to pre-teach vocabulary, and follow up with activities which consolidate the language and help students to recall the story. Above all, the story and related activities should be enjoyable for the students. Favorable feelings for and experiences with the teacher, classmates, materials, tasks, procedures, and so on, can forge positive attitudes toward reading in the second language (Day and Bamford 1998, 25). At the British Council Hong Kong literacy texts have been incorporated into the syllabuses for the higher level primary classes for students aged 8 and above. These are generally texts which are used in schools in the UK to teach literacy in the British National Curriculum, with accompanying teachers notes and materials these are usually adapted to suit the EFL and local contexts. The texts chosen are for a younger age group than they would be in the UK, i.e. materials for British children aged 8 to 9 are used in classes for Hong Kong learners aged 10 to 11. These have proved to be overwhelmingly popular with teachers, who report that they enjoy using them and find that students also enjoy the stories whilst being stretched, because they can see that the materials are authentic and feel a sense of achievement. Many teachers also use storytelling in class, as story books are readily available in Hong Kong. These teachers appreciate the value of using story books in class, and find storytelling an enjoyable activity in class themselves. Some teachers use story books not just for teaching purposes, e.g. the introduction/consolidation of language or to complement the course book materials, but also for a story time slot. Often at the end of the lesson, the story time slot is used as part of the classroom routine and settles children. The stories are read purely for enjoyment, and if enough books are available (some teachers have their own story book collection) students are able to choose which stories they would like to hear. For younger primary students book boxes are provided with a selection of suitable books, which teachers are encouraged to use with their classes. One advantage of the book boxes is that with a selection of books children are able to choose for themselves what the would like to read, or what they would like the teacher to read. Other ways of encouraging children to choose and read books would be to have a book corner in the classroom or a lending library for children, so that children could enjoy reading by themselves either in class or at home. Unfortunately, neither of these are currently feasible at British Council Hong Kong. The classrooms are used by many different classes, including adults, so it would not be practical to set up a corner of the classroom with books. There is also the issue of funding book corners or a library; with approximately 3,500 primary students currently taking courses at the British Council, the cost of buying sufficient books for either scheme is prohib itive. One scheme which has been successfully introduced for primary classes is a Reading Challenge. Students are encouraged to read books in English and write brief reviews of them. After they have read six they receive a prize of a certificate and a book. The success of the scheme seems to depend largely on how much the individual teacher promotes it, but prizes have been earned by students across a range of classes, not only in the highest levels or older age groups. Clark and Rumbold (2006, 20), in a review of studies examining the effect of reward on motivation, conclude that we cannot be certain that rewarding children for reading actually motivates them to read more, or if they do so, that they are reading purely to get a prize and will not continue to read widely in the future. However, if a reward is given for reading, it appears that literacy-targeted rewards, such as books or book vouchers, are more effective in developing reading motivation than rewards that are unrelated to the activity. The most important factor, however, in developing childrens literacy and enjoyment of reading is the involvement of their parents (Clark 2007, Clark and Rumbold 2006, 24, Wood 1998, 220). The British Council Hong Kong has recently introduced parent workshops to encourage parents to read with their children, emphasising the importance of reading not only for literacy and educational attainment but also social and emotional development. Parents are also shown how to choose appropriate books and how to read them with their children, exploiting the stories and the pictures. These workshops are proving to be very popular with parents, who, while keen to encourage their children academically, had previously not realised the benefits of reading for pleasure. Conclusion There is not on the whole a culture of reading in Hong Kong, but, given the advantages outlined of extensive reading, it is particularly important to encourage our students to read for pleasure, and using story books can be particularly effective. This requires not only access to suitable texts, but also training for teachers and parents on how to read books with children and develop further language use. 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Greek Mythology :: Greek Mythology, Informative

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Long ago, people lacked knowledge on why certain things happened. Without scientific answers, like we have today, the Ancient Greeks created their own answers about the world and an individual’s place in it. These tales were known as myths. They described the feelings and values that bound the members of society. There are two types of myths -- creation myths and explanatory myths. A creation myth explained the start of many events such as the origin of the world and the creation of human beings. An explanatory myth explained a natural process or event such as illness and death. Most myths concerned divine beings such as gods, goddesses and other heroes with supernatural powers. These characters had many human characteristics, aside from their special powers, that included birth and death and the presence of emotions such as love and jealousy. These human qualities of the divine beings reflected the values of society. Such characters are called anthropomor phic, derived from two Greek words meaning â€Å"in the shape of man†. Gods and goddesses that resembled animals were referred to as theriomorphic, derived from two Greek words meaning â€Å"in the shape of an animal†. The last group of mythical characters has no name. They didn’t take the form of a complete human or animal, such as a figure with a human body and an animal head. As well as being entertaining and interesting to read, myths played an important role in Ancient Greek society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Greeks honored their gods with different kinds of festivals. Their celebrations have continued throughout the years and two have become worldwide traditions.

Compare and Contrast of Hector and Achilles

Option B : Compare and contrast the characters of Hector and Achilles. I choose to compare and contrast the characters of Hector and Achilles because I am interested in their story. I think there are many theme in this story, but the central theme is the fate of men; if it is ? xed or changed by the will of men. I feel interesting that the gods decides the fate of people. And I choose this option because I feel that I can understand what the author wants to express to the readers by comparing Hector and Achilles.Therefore, I will compare the strengths and the weakness of both heroes. First of all, I will write about Hector. He was a Trojan prince and the greatest ? ghter for Troy in the Trojan War. He was born as a son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba. His father was the king of Troy. He had a wife called Andromache and the son, Astyanax. In the European Middle Ages, Hector was one of the Nine Worthies. And he was a good son, husband and father. Most of all, he loved the peace. He love d his country, his people, his family and wanted to die with honor.When he realized that Jove and his son Apollo are not with him for the protection anymore against Achilles, he says to himself â€Å" My doom has come upon me; let me not them die ingloriously and without a struggle, but let me ? rst do some great thing that shall be told among men hereafter. †. The gods decided not to protect him. That was the reason why Hector lost, but he wanted to ? ght against the strong Achilles. Therefore, I think Hector was the true soldier. I want to write about Achilles now. He was a hero and greatest warrior for Greek in the Trojan War.He was the son of the goddess Thetis and Peleus, the king of the Myrmidons. Achilles was a mortal person even though he was the son of a goddess. And he had the great pride that he was the strongest soldier, and he did not want to be under anybody. When the Agamemnon dishonored him, Achilles asked his goddess mother to go to Jove, then to ask Jove to help Troy, so that Agamemnon would be in trouble. Therefore, Achilles did not think about his country and his people. He only think about himself. So I think Achilles is not the person to be the king.Now I want to compare and contrast their strength and the weakness. First, I want to write about Hector’s strength. He was brave and courageous. He was the man who thought about his family, loved his family and thought his country and people. He wanted to die with honor. He went to Paris because he did not stand to hear bad things about Paris and said, â€Å"you ? ght bravely, and no man with any justice can make light of your doings in battle. But you are careless and willfully remiss. It grieves me to the heart to hear the ill that the Trojans speak about you, for they have suffered much on your account.Let us be going, and we will make things right hereafter, should Jove vouchsafe us to set the cup of our deliverance before ever-living gods of heaven in our own homes, when we have chased the Achaeans from Troy. † From this conversation, you can see that Hector thinks about his brother, thinks about the people of Troy, and is willing to push his brother to ? ght with honor. When he fought with Achilles, Hector escaped to ? ght him ? rst because he was afraid of Achilles. However, when he realized that the gods were not with him to ? ht Achilles, he decided to ? ght with honor until he died. Therefore, I think one of his strength is his brave heart. But Paris did not have the brave heart. Next, I want to write about Achilles’s strength. I think Achilles did not have many strength. I think the physical power from his goddess mother was the only strength he had. Even the king Agamemnon feared his strength. Hector was the greatest soldier in Troy, but even that greatest soldier run away from Achilles when Hector was standing in front of the gate of Troy.It says â€Å" Fear fell upon Hector as he beheld him, and he dared not stay longer where he was but ? ed in dismay from before the gates, which Achilles darted after him at his utmost speed. †. Then when Hector ? nally decided to ? ght with Achilles, Achilles killed him easily. Therefore, I think Achilles was the strongest worrier on earth. Next, I want to write about Hector’s weakness. I could not ? nd many weakness of Hector, however, the only weakness I could ? nd was that Hector did not know how strong he was. He thought that he could ? ht with Achilles, but when he met Achilles, he run away. He run away because he ? nally realized that he was not as strong as Achilles when he met the enemy at the gate. I think it is too late for him to realized that. Because of this weakness, he died. Therefore, Hector did not have many weakness, but the only weakness he had destroyed him. Next is the weakness of Achilles. I think Achilles had many weakness even though he was the greatest warrior on earth. I think Achilles was strong physically, but he was weak mentally. When Agamemnon took Briseis from Achilles,Achilles went to the sea and prayed to his mother such as, â€Å" Mother, you bore me doomed to live but for a little season; surely Jove, who thunders from Olympus, might have made that little glorious. It is not so. Agamemnon, son of Atreus, has done me dishonor, and has robbed me of my prize by force. †. He cried when he was saying it. This was not like the greatest warrior, but rather a small child’s doing. He liked to ? ght and liked to kill people. He was very good at killing people, but he did not have any respect to his king, his country and his people.When he killed Hector, he did something very dishonorable. Achilles treated the body of Hector with contumely. He pierced the sinews at the back of both his feet from heel to ancle and passed thongs of ox-hide through the slits he had made. He made the body fast to his chariot, letting the head trail upon the ground. Then Achilles lashed his horse on, and the dust rose f rom Hector as he was being dragged along. Thus was the head of Hector being dishonored in the dust. This is not something what the greatest warrior does. Again Achilles became so emotional that he acted like a child.Therefore, I think that Achilles is not a person to be a great king. If he becomes to be a king, his country and people will be destroyed. I do not want to live in his country. I think he has the extreme character. He was a supermen physically, but he was a little kid mentally. As the conclusion of the comparison between Hector and Achilles, Hector is more heroic than Achilles. I think that the hero is a person who think of his country and his people. After comparing the characters of Hector and Achilles, the person who thinks of his country and his people is Hector.Hector always thinks about his country, his people and his family. He loves his father, his mother, his brothers, his wife and his child. When Hector died, Paris’s wife, Helen, cried and said, â€Å" I have never heard one word of insult or unkindness from you. †. Helen was the person who was the cause of this war. I think it is dif? cult to be kind to Helen, but Hector was nice to her. That means Hector’s heart was so deep. And I think Hector will be the greatest king. I love to live in his country.

Reading Comprehension for Beginners - My Office

Reading Comprehension for Beginners - My Office Read the paragraph which describes my office. Pay special attention to the use of prepositions in the reading selection. Youll find useful vocabulary and quizzes below to test your understanding.   My Office Like most offices, my office is a place where I can concentrate on my work and feel comfortable at the same time. Of course, I have all the necessary equipment on my desk. I have the telephone next to the fax machine on the right side of my desk. My computer is in the center of my desk with the monitor directly in front of me. I have a comfortable office chair to sit on and some pictures of my family between the computer and the telephone. In order to help me read, I also have a lamp near my computer which I use in the evening if I work late. There is plenty of paper in one of the cabinet drawers. There are also staples and a stapler, paper clips, highlighters, pens and erasers in the other drawer. I like to use highlighters to remember important information. In the room, there is a comfortable armchair and a sofa to sit on. I also have a low table in front of the sofa on which there are some industry magazines. Useful Vocabulary armchair - a comfortable, padded chair that has arms on which to rest your armscabinet - a piece of furniture that holds objectsdesk - a piece of furniture on which you write or use your computer, fax, etc.drawer - a space which opens for you to store things inequipment - items used to complete tasksfurniture - a word referring to all the places to sit, work, store things, etc.highlighter - a bright pen with a thick tip which is usually green or bright yellowlaptop - a computer you can carry with youpaperclip - a metal clip that holds pieces of paper togetherstapler - a piece of equipment used to staple papers together Multiple-Choice Comprehension Check Questions Choose the correct answer based on the reading.   1. What do I need to do in my office?   A) relax B) concentrate C) study D) read magazines 2. Which piece of equipment do I NOT have on my desk?   A) fax B) computer C) lamp D) photocopier 3. Where are the pictures of my family located?   A) on the wall B) next to the lamp C) between the computer and the telephone D) near the fax 4. I use the lamp to read:   A) all day B) never C) in the morning D) in the evening 5. Where do I keep the paperclips?   A) on the desk B) next to the lamp C) in a cabinet drawer D) next to the telephone 6. What do I keep on the table in front of the sofa?   A) company reports B) fashion magazines C) books D) industry magazines True or False Decide if the statements are true or false based on the reading.   I work late every night.  I use highlighters to help me remember important information.  I keep reading materials that are not related to my job in the office.  I dont need a lamp to help me read.It is important to me to feel comfortable at work. Using Prepositions Fill each gap with a preposition used in the reading. I have the telephone _____ the fax machine on the right side of my desk.The monitor is directly _____ me.I sit _____ my comfortable office chair.I also have a lamp _____ my computer.I put the stapler, pens, and erasers ______ the drawer.I have a table _____ the sofa.  There are lots of magazines _____ the table. Answers Multiple-Choice B - concentrateD - photocopierC - between the computer and the telephoneD - in the eveningC - in a cabinet drawerD - industry magazines Answers True or False   FalseTrueFalseFalseTrue Answers Using Prepositions next toin front ofonnearinin front ofon Continue reading with these appropriate reading comprehension selections.

Quotes From the Novel Great Expectations

Quotes From the Novel Great Expectations We can learn a bit more about the life and experiences of Charles Dickens by reading his semi-autobiographical novel, Great Expectations. Of course, the facts are immersed in fiction, which is part of what makes the novel such a masterpiece. The novel follows life and misadventures of Pip, the orphaned protagonist from his encounter with an escaped convict as a child to  his eventual happy ever after with the woman he loves. The novel has been popular since its original serialized publication in 1860. Great Expectations Quotes Now, I return to this young fellow. And the communication I have got to make is, that he has great expectations.Take another glass of wine, and excuse my mentioning that society as a body does not expect one to be so strictly conscientious in emptying ones glass, as to turn it bottom upwards with the rim on ones nose.Mrs. Joe was a very clean housekeeper, but had an exquisite art of making her cleanliness more uncomfortable and unacceptable than dirt itself.It was understood that nothing of a tender nature could possibly be confided to old Barley, by reason of his being totally unequal to the consideration of any subject more psychological than gout, rum, and pursers stores.That was a memorable day to me, for it made great changes in me. But, it is the same with any life. Imagine one selected day struck out of it, and think how different its course would have been. Pause you who read this, and think for a moment of the long chain of iron or gold, of thorns or flowers, that would neve r have bound you, but for the formation of the first link on one memorable day. I never had one hours happiness in her society, and yet my mind all round the four-and-twenty hours was harping on the happiness of having her with me unto death.So now, as an infallible way of making little ease great ease, I began to contract a quantity of debt.It was one of those March days when the sun shines hot and the wind blows cold: when it is summer in the light, and winter in the shade.Take nothing on its looks; take everything on evidence. Theres no better rule.Some medical beast had revived tar-water in those days as a fine medicine, and Mrs. Joe always kept a supply of it in the cupboard; having a belief in its virtues correspondent to its nastiness. At the best of times, so much of this elixir was administered to me as a choice restorative, that I was conscious of going about, smelling like a new fence.We spent as much money as we could, and got as little for it as people could make up their minds to give us. We were always more or less miserable, and most of our acqua intance were in the same condition. There was a gay fiction among us that we were constantly enjoying ourselves, and a skeleton truth that we never did. To the best of my belief, our case was in the last aspect a rather common one. All other swindlers upon earth are nothing to the self-swindlers, and with such pretenses did I cheat myself. Surely a curious thing. That I should innocently take a bad half-crown of somebody elses manufacture, is reasonable enough; but that I should knowingly reckon the spurious coin of my own make, as good money!In a word, I was too cowardly to do what I knew to be right, as I had been too cowardly to avoid doing what I knew to be wrong.Heaven knows we need never be ashamed of our tears, for they are rain upon the blinding dust of the earth, overlying our hard hearts.So, throughout life, our worst weaknesses and meannesses are usually committed for the sake of the people whom we most despise.I was always treated as if I had insisted on being born, in opposition to the dictates of reason, religion, and morality, and against the dissuading arguments of my best friends.And could I look upon her without compassion, seeing her punishment in the ruin she was, in her profound unfitness f or this earth on which she was placed, in the vanity of sorrow which had become a master mania, like the vanity of penitence, the vanity of remorse, the vanity of unworthiness, and other monstrous vanities that have been curses in this world? Source All Quotes - Charles Dickens, Great Expectations

Apple Marketing strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Apple Marketing strategy - Essay Example According to Schneiders (2011), Apple is able to charge higher prices than its competitors buy its products remain competitive. He argues that Apple makes use of traditional and cult marketing strategies. Moreover, the company manages to manufacture products with high software compatibility hence easy to market in the competitive market. Madden (2010) argues that Apple has a unique marketing strategy that has not been mastered by many brands. The strategy enables Apple to cross-sell products that people already own. Moreover, the company designers have great understanding of the needs of the customers and focus on creating products that meet the changing needs of the customer. The alterations involve inclusion of more software to ensure the products are better than previous ones. For example, Apple iPhone was considered unique in that it has the features of an iPad as well as those of a smartphone. Mickalowski, Mickelson, & Keltgen (2008) argue that Apple makes advantage of trade sho ws and media coverage to market their products long before they are released into the market. Moreover, the company remains secretive about the features and outlook of their product to prevent imitation of new inventions by their competitors. For example, during development of iPhone, Steve jobs managed to sign Apple as the select carrier of the product. Moreover, the company understands the needs of the customers and comes up with unique products. Apple’s success had been greatly determined by the former CEO, Steve jobs. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak who were quite unprofessional in terms of their academic qualifications founded the company. However, they became successful right from the start.

A day out in London (Spanish gcse) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

A day out in London (Spanish gcse) - Coursework Example It was fun to watch the entire London from above. The experience was not only interesting but it was bit scary as well. It takes about 30 minutes to finish its one complete round. We had to wait for 30 more minutes to wait for our turn. As it was Sunday, therefore the waiting queues were longer than the usual days. It was an exciting experience. The weather was mild and cloudy. I would say that, the day it was more fun to watch London from the above surrounded by clouds and misty fog. On our way back, we had fish and chips from a nearby cafà © with cappuccinos. There were other varieties of different snacks as well but we preferred fish and chips because we thought this food is perfect to complement the cloudy weather. I spent the rest of my day watching movie in my room. I believe it was the best day filled with so much joy and fun with my friend Marry. The only thing I don’t like about London is the cold weather. In the end, I would say that I will definitely plan a day out with my best friend again in next year. It’s always fun to be with your friends while exploring different things in a big city like London. There are so many places on my list to visit in the next year. I am planning to visit art galleries, national museum and other historical

Practical Guide to Effective Leadership for School Managers Essay

Practical Guide to Effective Leadership for School Managers - Essay Example One of the benefits that such a practical guide has is with relation to its ability to highlight key issues and problem areas that will likely remain for the duration of time in which the practical guide itself will be utilized. In such a way, a level of self analysis is needed to be performed that that once a task or approach has been completed, a level of inference can be drawn with regards to those areas that could be improved upon as well as noting and further improving those areas that proved to be key successes within the process (Avant, 2010). As a means of this, the following analysis will seek to provide a level of discussion onto the key areas in which the skills that will be noted developed as a function of individual growth as well as teamwork. Furthermore, the mistakes and difficulties that are doubtless to be experienced will also be discussed as a means of seeking to find ways in which personal and professional development can be promoted to a higher degree within the individual school of the current time as well as the future. Although an exhaustive study of these personal and professional factors would require a dissertation length response, this brief analysis will seek to hone in on three unique skills which can be developed through the course of everyday activities and seek to utilize these as a starting point for related difficulties and weaknesses that proved to be key roadblocks, although not insurmountable, in the process (Wilson, 1992). A primary skill that must be developed and leveraged at each and every stage is with regards to ensuring that lines of communication remain upon and healthy. Without this fundamental aspect, it is impossible for the flow of information to allow for a type of self-correcting entity to form that is capable of responding to threats and opportunities (Beccera & Gupta, 2003). Like any other institution/organization, it is the requirement of the educational organization to ensure that effective forms of commun ication be maintained and leveraged at each and every stage so that the entity can continue to express a degree of growth and development that is befitting of the times and demands upon which the environment consists (Elida-Tomita, 2010). Similarly, another key strength that must be sought to be engaged in order for effective communication to take place on any level is the ability of leadership to be able to interact with and gauge the needs that the organization puts forward; almost invariably accomplished via the process of self analysis and introspective means of measurement.

Analysis of the Road Not Taken by Robert Frost Essay Example for Free

Analysis of the Road Not Taken by Robert Frost Essay The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost shows the narrator coming to a fork in the wood, which offers two paths to take. By use of symbolism and various verb tenses in different stanzas the author was able to convey the overall meaning of the poem. The narrator scrutinized the road but does not find a noticeable difference in the two paths and thus was stuck deciding whether which road is the better decision. However, in the fourth stanza, by the allegory â€Å"I took the one less traveled by† shows that the narrator wishes to take the path which leads to individualism. The narrator portrayed that in life there are decisions we must make that must be based on our own agenda. Symbols also play in defining the meaning of the poem. The symbol of the color yellow is use to show more than just the narrator’s cowardice, but also yellow represents autumn meaning the author is at the end of his life which indicates that he has wasted his whole life in indecision. Other symbols such as â€Å"two roads† and â€Å"one traveler† in the first stanza show the idea of free choice and individualism of the narrator. We can also tie in to the fact that because the roads lies in the woods, and that roads represents free choice, the overall idea would be comparable to free choice and fate. You are free to choose what choice to make but in the end the choices you make are still a part of your fate. In the first three stanzas the poem is written in past tense, but in the fourth stanza the poem is written in future tense. By repeating â€Å"two roads diverged in a wood† in the fourth stanza the narrator is implying that he is reflecting upon if the choice he had made was the better of the two choices. The first three stanzas of the poem being in past tense hints that he is looking back at his past, but the fourth stanza shows us the narrator is hoping â€Å"somewhere ages and ages hence† the decision he made will benefit him. In addition, because the narrator is still uncertain if the choice he made was the better of the two, we can concludes that he is still reflective on whether which road he should have took, hence the title â€Å"The Road Not Taken. † Partially, the poem tells us about the narrator’s fear of regrets which eventually leads to his indecisiveness in choice of what road to travel. The fear of making mistakes from either choice had excluded the narrator from taking any action. . Frost’s point is to acknowledge the fact that in life there are choices where uncertainty makes choosing difficult, and often we are paralyzed by the fact of making the â€Å"wrong choice. † Words such as â€Å"sorry,† â€Å"sigh,† and â€Å"doubted† shows the authors regrets and concern for making the wrong choice. The last stanza offered the author’s apprehension furthermore of whether which road he should take with the stuttered â€Å"I. † Although in the last two lines the narrator says he takes â€Å"the [road] less traveled by, and that has made all the difference,† the use of the word difference is ironic to what the poem has states in retrospective about the similarity of the roads. In the poem The Road Not Taken the narrator’s idea of non-conformity coupled with the fear of regrets from making the wrong choice apprehended him from making any decisions. The Road Not Taken shows us that the choices we make in life should be based on our individual values.

milan music :: essays research papers

Objective description: The music is so abstract, it’s almost as if some people just got together randomly and decided to make some noise. It’s sometimes calming and sometimes stressful. It’s like a call and response music, one section makes a noise and the other sections respond accordingly with a similar sounding rhythm, very interesting to listen to. Steel drums, chimes, drums, drones, flutes, and some other instruments, not even sure what the names are. I have heard them before but do not know the name. There are different types of steel drums giving out different pitches and resonations. This music is just so abstract and unlike music today. No music I listen to can compare to this type of abstract material. The most prominent thing to me in this music is the rhythm. It’s not a mono rhythm; it’s more of an ever-changing rhythm which makes me try to pick up a new one every change of the call and response. I hear a very polyphony texture with man y different instruments playing at once or responding to each others calls. The piece does not use repetition as songs do today but the way they come back to the main rhythm is somewhat of a repeat. They just call out a rhythm and then someone tries to repeat it. This music is awkward to listen to at first but the second or third song I got really used to the abstract interactions the different instruments had with each other. Functional description: Gamelan music is a way of making social groups. Gamelan music is performed as a group effort, and so there is no place for an individual showoff. Traditionally, gamelan is only played at certain occasions such as ritual ceremonies, special community celebrations, shadow puppet shows, and for the royal family. Gamelan is also used to accompany dances in court, temple, and village rituals. Besides providing music for social functional ceremonies, gamelan also provides a livelihood for many professional musicians, and for specialized craftsmen who manufacture gamelan. I took a class at Sonoma and was somewhat familiar with this type or music but before that I had no prior experience with the music. The music grew on me over time and became less awkward. Its not something I would choose to listen to but it’s a good sense of what music around the world has to offer those of us in the United states that are not open-minded to other cultures music.

Ludwig van Beethoven and Robert Schumann

Ludwig van Beethoven faced hearing problems which he noticed at about age 26. He accepted at age 32 that he would possibly become completely deaf. He tried to suppress the problem by using headphones though by age 50, he could hardly hear any sound. This however did not deter him from writing his 9th and final symphony (Hosler, 2009).His career was badly affected as he surged into depression and became embarrassed that he would lose his auditory sense though he was a composer. Both the music of the romantic period and other art forms of the period focused on bringing out the expression of intense feelings and emotions.Both aspects were ruled by the depiction of beauty, strangeness and sublimity. Both music types are nourished by and closely linked to other forms of art such as poetry and drama. Classical music is dominated by the aspect of sound building and universality whereas romantic music is predominated by sound feeling and individualism. Ideals of order, control and equilibriu m are associated with classical music while romanticism is deep in passion, movement, fantasy and imagination. Question 2 (Robert Schumann)Robert Schumann intensified his composition after marrying Clara who led him into orchestral music and chamber works in an effort to expand his style. As a result, his love for the piano facilitated a good combination with symphonic orchestration which enabled him to produce the â€Å"Piano Concerto in A Minor†. Robert had seven children with Clara and this created a new dimension of composition in that they started composing songs for children and those about children such as â€Å"Child Falling Asleep† (Schneider, 2002).Johannes Brahms is the composer of the famous Intermezzo and Cantata Rinaldo in addition to his first published work on sonata in C major. Fredric Chopin is the composer of the famous Revolutionary Etude and Opus in addition to writing about lovers who part in his popular Les Adieux (library. thinkquest. org, n. d) . Richard Wagner wrote about ten operas which are today regularly performed in opera houses. He also invented the leitmotiv which is a form of signature tune for events, persons, physical objects and emotions.The orchestra pit and orchestration invented by Richard brought new aspects in the sound properties of the theatre. Composers and other music professionals have gained a lot of knowledge and have been inspired by the harmony, melodic structure and the great orchestration present in Wagner’s inventions. The inventions have been a source of dynamism in the world of music (Roy, n. d). References Hosler, H. (2009). Medical Mystery Behind Beethoven. Retrieved July 13, 2010, from http://lifebridgeblogs.blogspot. com/2009/11/medical-mystery-behind-beethoven. html library. thinkquest. org. (n. d). The Romantic Era Composers. Retrieved July 13, 2010, from http://library. thinkquest. org/15413/history/history-rom-comp. htm Roy, E. (n. d). Wagner the Innovator. Retrieved July 13, 2 010, from http://www. bikwil. com/Vintage10/Wagner-Innovator. html Schneider, E. (2002). Robert and Clara Schumann – a biography. Retrieved July 13, 2010, from http://www. essortment. com/all/robertclarasch_rjya. htm

Public and Private Sector Collaborations Essay

Open research organizations and private firms work under very diverse situations and with poles a-part aims and objectives, which result in fairly different outcomes in the two types of organizations. Public researchers are mainly ambitious due to their willingness to expand knowledge and publish them in journals and magazines to help for the cause of bringing it to knowledge of the masses. On the other hand, private firms and ventures aim to achieve higher profits through commercially valid information that the firm builds up or obtain to be kept in the boundaries of the company and far away from opponents in the market or the industry. This usually results in the conflicts among the two forms of organizations and it is difficult to work in collaboration between the public and private organizations. But it has also been evident from the past that, private companies and firms which have worked in public collaborations, although not many succeeded, but those who did, have been able to achieve goals and have set trends for other organizations to work for the cause of social development and enhancement of public systems for noble cause. Current Situation (LoJack) and Strategy: LoJack Corporation markets and authorizes the LoJack System, a unique, proprietary system used entirely by law enforcement workforce to track, establish, and pick up stolen motor vehicles. The problem of vehicle theft has escalated to an epidemic level an estimated to result in an yearly loss of approximately $8 billion. The LoJack System has an established track evidence of falling damages, striking public protection, and solving grave crimes related to motor vehicle thievery, all accomplished within the realistic restrictions of overburdened law enforcement structure.   Currently, LoJack has unique system designed to assist law enforcement in locating and tracking stole vehicles. Competition is fierce if viewed with Telemetric and GPS tracking devices. However, if we look at vehicle recovery systems, LoJack is the global leader with a law enforcement network that cannot be easily duplicated.   This law enforcement network is challenging politically and requires a high degree of local political assistance.   Financially, sales are climbing, but year over year growth is declining.   The distribution system through auto retailers seems stuck to new car sales. The LoJack strategy at the present time consists of several discrete variables.   LoJack has elected to expand into new geographic areas and markets which is a logical growth strategy for the firm which has established an enviable reputation in terms of asset recovery systems.   This company has developed a new tracking unit that permits it to move into new segments such as trailers while simultaneously reducing costs for such units, therefore, establishing itself as a cost leader in the sector.  Ã‚  Ã‚   This combined with a strong differentiation of product through law enforcement networks gives LoJack a strong competitive advantage.   These are strengths that cannot be quickly or easily duplicated and because of the proprietary technical aspect of this product.   Competitors would have to try and find substitute products to compete directly with LoJack. Competitive Environment New Entrants Teletrec and other competitors were on the market prior to LoJack’s entrance and other competitors are entering the market through GPS based systems such as ‘OnStar’.   These systems are not a onetime purchase but incur monthly fees to maintain service and may require the use of a cell phone. Substitutes Just as with GPS, there is a threat of substitute products coming on-line through new technology, but this threat should be mitigated by LoJack’s network with local law enforcement agencies. Suppliers Suppliers are also a threat as the auto industry is developing its own telematics technology.   The automakers have started relying on standards to speed up the plan cycle. Their incapability to bring state-of-the-art activity, communication, routing, and other â€Å"telematics† (navigation, driver-warning, and communication systems) evidently emphasize the manufacturers’ unwillingness to relying on these standards. The automakers came into view to have understood their errors and restrictions and are participating in the development of new network standards for both critical mission and convenience or entertainment systems. LoJack must continue to market its law enforcement advantage to thwart off this threat. Buyers At this stage, buyers have relatively limited buying power due to the lack of alternative technology. However, the threat is the heavy reliance on car dealers to sell the product.   If there is no incentive to do so, then the buyer may lack the knowledge that would drive the purchase. Intensity of Rivalry Although the product is in its growing stages, and there is no clear competition, the increased activity in this sector could be conducive of a threat to achieve a large enough market share to make the implementation worthwhile. Perspective on network level strategy Both LoJack and Micro Logic embrace the embedded organizational structure.   While they both have proprietary technology, they rely on other organizations to leverage these technologies.   LoJack’s technology would not have been possible without the alliance with local law enforcement agencies, Motorola, and Micro Logic.   Micro Logic’s existence had been to partner with organizations to influence its technological resourcefulness to additionally expand the companies that it works for.   It would take an evenhandedness stand in these companies and take a long term approach. In order for Micro Logic to be successful in this venture, it would need to rely on LoJack’s distribution and marketing systems. Not only to sell its products but also to ensure its own financial stability. If LoJack is to review its long term strategy, it must understand that research and development are not at the core of its operation.   Motorola is a key component to both LoJack and Micro Logic and has been a strong partner providing vital assistance. They cannot be relied on to only provide this technology to LoJack.   They are a much larger company and will look to broaden their reach.   In the fall of 1999 Motorola was already working to become a driving force in the telematics industry and moved to position itself with the major car companies. Recommendations Short Term LoJack should look to form a free alliance with Micro Logic. This would allow for LoJack to expand into the new market of construction equipment where need exist and no clear provider exist. An alliance between these two organizations has a proven track record and a proven product that can be marketed globally. The alliance should tackle the construction equipment market. This is a market that has a strong need for a location and asset management technology there is no clear market leader and creativity and innovation in products play a vital role to become a leader. The combination of LoJack’s proven solution for tracking and the ability of Micro Logic to develop strong asset management software would allow for strong penetration in this market.   Both organizations should look to work in their core areas of expertise. LoJack recognizes how to market and allocate the products and Micro Logic should right away assume the Research &Development purpose. This will allow both companies to continue to drive down cost. LoJack presently has sufficient cash on hand to assist the need for cash with Micro Logic.   At this point, the cash infusion should be done as a low or no interest loan to Micro Logic. The partnership works well over time, Micro Logic can establish if this is their core business.   If not, they will be able to sell this product back to LoJack just as it did the first time and move in a different direction or become a secondary firm to LoJack.   Motorola is currently working on the 3rd generation LoJack and Micro Logic sho uld work directly with Motorola on this function. Medium Term Once a clear hold on the construction market is protected, then the alliance will have the opportunity to move into the trailer market. A proven track record in auto recovery and construction equipment asset management will allow strong credibility and should allow LoJack and Micro Logic to become the market leaders. During this stage both firms will need to determine the structure of the company and if they are able to grow construction equipment sales to the same rate as existing auto sales then LoJack would be in a position to either absorb Metrologic into the existing organization or turn Micro Logic into a subsidiary. Long Term Emerging markets will be critical to the long term success of LoJack.   With a strong foothold on the construction market this area would be a logical first step into emerging markets as contraction equipment would usually surpass new car sales.   Immerging markets will provide the strongest revenue growths for the company and is possible this may need to be moved into the mid-term focus depending on the success for the technology.

Drivers essays

Drivers essays On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and approved the document that set us as Americans free, thus changing the world forever. Purpose The Declaration of Independence was a political instrument designed to achieve some very distinct purposes. One was to sever the relationship between the colonies and England. To show that the time for reconciliation has ended and there is a time when it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another...(Roark A-1) Another, factor hastening official independence was the prospect of an alliance with France, Britains archrival. France was willing to provide military supplies as well as naval power, but not without firm assurance the Americans would separate from England.(Roark 189) Thirdly, the declaration was used as a form of propaganda to unite the colonies as one, to rally the people for their independence. One sees this by looking at what happened the following weeks after the declaration was finished. Americans gathered, read aloud, and celebrated the great piece to writing. Jefferson and the rest of the delegates put the blame precisely on the king. As said in the video, The Declaration portrayed the king as a merciless tyrant(Declaring Independence). It does just that because at the time, Americans thought that the kings evil ministers had been giving the king bad advice (Declaring Independence). The Declaration accused the king of more then thirty different injustices done to the American people; this made them see who the enemy was and why they needed to become free. The charges to the king are very accurate. They edited out the issues, for example, blaming King George III for slavery. The charges against the king do justify the revolution. When looking at all the charges in history against Eng ...

Personality theories;Type and Trait essays

Personality theories;Type and Trait essays Before describing the major modern trait and type theories of personality the following key terms must be defined; trait, type and personality. A personality trait represents a continuous dimension and can be defined as a broad, stable and enduring characteristic which is used to explain behaviour (Phares Pervin The major modern trait and type theories of Gordon Allport, Raymond Cattell, Hans Eysenck and the Big Five vary in their approach and methods in their attempts to understand personality, yet all share the belief that personality can be understood and individual's behaviour could be explained and described by the use of types and traits. The trait and type personality psychologists used three methods in identifying important traits and types; the lexical approach, meaning the more important a word is the more often it will appear in language, the theoretical approach which focuses on the most significant dispositions and the statistical approach where extensive data is mathamatically analysed {Liebert and Spiegler, 1990) to support their theories outlined in this essay. Allport is considered to be the founder of the modern type and trait school. Allport with Odbert, became the first researchers to conducted a lexical study of personality descriptors {cited in Ewen, 1940} and develop a system to classify traits. From the results of this study, Allport developed a theory which divided traits into three groups with varying degrees of influence; cardinal traits, central traits and secondary dispositions, which make up an individuals personali...

MLA Referencing †How to Cite a Book

MLA Referencing – How to Cite a Book MLA Referencing – How to Cite a Book MLA referencing, as developed by the Modern Language Association, is a way of citing sources in academic writing, commonly used within the liberal arts and humanities. Books, on the other hand, are papery things with pages that live in libraries. They’re usually full of words, sometimes with a few pictures. These things. You can put them on shelves, too. You probably knew that already, but we thought it was best to clarify. Now that’s settled, in today’s blog post, we explain how to reference a book with MLA citations, which is an essential skill if your college uses this referencing system. In-Text Citations MLA referencing uses parenthetical citations, but the format differs slightly from the â€Å"author–date† system you might know if you’ve used APA or Harvard citations before. The only things you need to give in an MLA citation are the author’s surname and the relevant page number(s) for the passage you’re referencing: Geographical latitude is a â€Å"major determinant† of growing conditions (Diamond 189). If the author is named in the text, simply give page numbers after the relevant passage: According to Diamond, latitude is a â€Å"major determinant† of growing conditions (189). When citing two books by the same author, moreover, you’ll need to differentiate between different sources. To do this in MLA, give a shortened title in the citation alongside the other information: According to Diamond, latitude is a â€Å"major determinant† of growing conditions (Guns, Germs Steel 189). This effects how societies rise and fall (Diamond, Collapse 44-45). Note that there’s a comma between the author name and shortened title when both are given in parentheses. You should also italicize book titles in citations, just in the main text. Reference List/ MLA referencing requires all cited sources to be added to a â€Å"† page at the end of your document. The information to include here for a print book is as follows: Surname, First Name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication. In the case of the book cited above, Guns, Germs Steel, this would appear as: Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs Steel: A Short History of Everybody for the Last 13,000 Years. Vintage Books, 1997. The names here are reversed so that sources can be listed alphabetically by author surname. If a book written by more than one person, you only need to reverse the first author’s names. When citing multiple books by the same author, order them alphabetically by title, but only give the author’s names for the first entry, using three hyphens and a period for subsequent sources: Diamond, Jared. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. Penguin, 2006. -. Guns, Germs Steel: A Short History of Everybody for the Last 13,000 Years. Vintage Books, 1997.